The evidence layer

Research & Evidence

Missed appointments affect practices, patients, and access to care. Here’s the research behind the problem SureAppoint is designed to address.

Evidence about the problem

Published research is available

Evidence about SureAppoint

Product-specific outcomes are not yet published
150B

The headline estimate

Estimated annual cost of missed appointments to the U.S. healthcare system.

A 2024 peer-reviewed article in the Annals of Family Medicinecites missed-appointment rates of 15%–30% and an estimated annual cost of $150 billion. The article is available through PubMed Central, part of the NIH National Library of Medicine.

NIH National Library of MedicinePeer-reviewed researchView published research

The estimate is cited by the article’s authors. NIH and the National Library of Medicine host the paper; they did not calculate or endorse the estimate.

Evidence by question

What the research tells us.

Findings are grouped around practical questions, with the source kept close enough to inspect without turning the page into a bibliography.

01

Cost and capacity

What do missed appointments cost?

Missed appointments leave clinical time unused and create avoidable cost and resource inefficiency. Reviews describe reduced appointment availability, longer waits, underused staff and equipment, and added workflow pressure.

Patient Preference and Adherence · 2016View research
02

Access to care

How do no-shows affect access?

When a slot cannot be reallocated, available care goes unused. Research describes knock-on effects for appointment availability, waiting times, follow-up, and continuity of care.

Patient Preference and Adherence · 2016View research
03

Health and continuity

Do missed appointments affect health outcomes?

Missed appointments are associated with disrupted follow-up and may delay diagnosis or treatment. Reviews discuss risks for chronic-disease management and hospital use, without treating every missed visit as a direct cause of harm.

Patient Preference and Adherence · 2016View research
04

Patient context

Why do patients miss appointments?

A systematic review found work or family and childcare commitments, forgetting, and transportation difficulties among the most commonly reported reasons. The evidence points to practical barriers, not a single kind of patient behavior.

British Journal of General Practice · 2021View research
05

What helps

What does the research say about reminders?

A systematic review found consistent evidence that reminder systems improve attendance across healthcare settings. It also emphasizes cancellation, rescheduling, and reallocation as parts of a better appointment system.

Patient Preference and Adherence · 2016View research

The patient side matters

Missing an appointment is rarely a simple story.

Research describes overlapping personal, financial, logistical, and health barriers. That context matters: clearer expectations should support a fair conversation, not frame patients as irresponsible.

  • Work
  • Caregiving
  • Transportation
  • Financial constraints
  • Illness
  • Forgetfulness
  • Communication and access
Systematic review of 26 primary-care studiesWhich patients miss appointments with general practice and the reasons whyView research

Source library

Read the underlying research.

These are the published sources used for the material claims on this page.

Evidence for SureAppoint

What is known – and what is not.

SureAppoint is informed by published research on missed appointments, reminder systems, scheduling behavior, and healthcare access. SureAppoint-specific outcome data have not yet been published.

The sources on this page describe the problem and related interventions. They do not establish that SureAppoint itself reduces missed appointments or improves clinical outcomes.